Current Affairs

  Consumers  are the kings of markets. Without consumers no business organization can run. All the activities of the business concerns end with consumers and consumer satisfaction .  An individual's behavior is a result of that individual's  cultural value system  for a particular situation. Individuals' cultural value systems are developed over time as they are socialized into a particular group. Societal culture as well as regional subculture and familial values all influence the formation of an individual's cultural value system. Thus, the cultural value system includes cultural elements that individuals have in common with the group to which they belong, as well as personal values single to the individual From a  business and marketing  point of view, religious culture manipulated almost everything from the foods we eat and the way we prepare them to the size of our families; the styles we adopt and clothes we wear; our social and fun activities; our personal prepa

An advertising strategy is a plan to reach and persuade a customer to buy a product or a service. The basic elements of the plan are: 1)       The  product itself and its advantages 2)  The customer and his or her characteristics,  3)  The relative advantages of alternative routes whereby the customer can be informed of the product, and  4)  The optimization of resulting choices given budgetary constraints.  In effect this means that aims must be clear, the environment must be understood, the means   must be ranked, and choices must be made based on available resources. Effective product assessment, market definition, media analysis, and budgetary choices result in an optimum plan—never the perfect plan because resources are always limited. DEVELOPING THE STRATEGY Positioning Statement Formal advertising strategies are based on a "positioning statement," a technical term the meaning of which, simply, is what the company's product or service is , how it i

Consumer  is a person who desires needs and requires marketing components in their capacity as buyer. Conventionally marketers are defined to have the ability to control the  behavior of customers,  but actually they have neither power nor information for that. Marketers may be influence their buying behavior but not control . Consumer behavior is study of individual groups or organization and the processes they use to select, save and dispose of product, service, idea or experience to satisfy needs and the influence that these processes on the consumer and society. It includes and made up of elements from psychology, sociology, Social anthropology and economics. It endeavors to understand the buyer decision making process both individual and in groups  consumer behavior  study is based on  consumer buying behavior with the consumer planning the three separate roles of user payers and buyers. Consumer Behavior focuses on how customer decides what to buy, when to buy, why to

Sales promotion is important in  marketing . Sales promotion tools are important to customers to know about usage and benefit of product. These tools are  advertising, sales promotion  (personal selling, public selling and direct marketing, free sample, coupons). It helps the passing on information about the product to customers through product offering. Sales promotion is a short term source to increase the purchase or sales of a product or service. Different advertising offers opportunities to buy a product or services, sales promotion offers reasons to buy now , Behavior intention is measured to be the result of the overall satisfaction that includes the intention to return and intention to suggest. Free sample: Free sample are give to customers to try a new  product  and create new customers. It is a process in which real or followed size product is send to customers to attract more customer towards the product. Free sample is a significant relationship with product testing

 Sales promotion is important in  marketing . Sales promotion tools are important to customers to know about usage and benefit of product. These tools are  advertising, sales promotion  (personal selling, public selling and direct marketing, free sample, coupons). It helps the passing on information about the product to customers through product offering. Sales promotion is a short term source to increase the purchase or sales of a product or service. Different advertising offers opportunities to buy a product or services, sales promotion offers reasons to buy now , Behavior intention is measured to be the result of the overall satisfaction that includes the intention to return and intention to suggest. Free sample: Free sample are give to customers to try a new  product  and create new customers. It is a process in which real or followed size product is send to customers to attract more customer towards the product. Free sample is a significant relationship with product testing

Culture satisfies needs: Culture survives to satisfy the needs of the people within a  society . It offers order, direction and guidance in all phases of human problem solving by providing tried and true methods of satisfying personal,  social  and psychological needs.     II.              Culture is learned: Culture  is learned through three forms of learning; formal learning, informal learning and technical learning. A firm  advertising and marketing communication  can influence all three types of  culture learning. It is likely that many product  marketing  messages enhance in formal learning by the audience with a model of behavior to imitate. III.              Culture is shared: Various social institutions within a society transmit the elements of  culture  and make the sharing of culture.  Such institutions are family, educational institutions, mass media. Consumers receive important cultural  information for advertising.

Cultural factors are; culture, subculture, religion and social class to examined fewer than three headings . 1.       Culture: Culture is total sum of learned, believes, values and customs that serve to direct the consumer  behavior of member of particular society (Schiff man and Kanuk). Both believes and values are mental image that affects the wide range of specific attitude that influence the way a person uses to evaluate alternative brands in a product category or his or her eventual preference for one of these brands over the other are influenced by both a person is general values and specific believes. Culture is important character of a society that distinguishes it from other cultural groups. The fundamental elements of every culture are the values, languages, myths, laws, customs and the products that are transmitted from one generation to the next  It is a fundamental determinant of a person’s behavior and want. The child growing up in a society learns a basic set of va

     Free sample: Free sample are give to customers to try a new product and create new customers. It is a process in which real or followed size product is send to customers to attract more customer towards the product. Free sample is a significant relationship with product testing behavior of customer . The purpose of offer free sample is that the customers check the product and they make intention to purchase it in near future. Free sample is the promotional tool product and services given as a free to a customer for the purpose of development of the company brand. It is the changeable form like coupons, discounting, purchasing along gifts and rebates.  Some promotions  are related to the monetary and some promotions are related to the non monetary. Non monetary promotion is often used as a free sample like product offered to customer as a gift or free installing of discounting. Non monetary or non price promotion like free sample give small gains and support the quality awaren

Pakistan, one of the largest Muslim   populated countries, is not  benefiting   from the $2 trillion halal food market, and   has a negligible share in the industry.   Today, Islam is one of the fastest growing   religions on earth, both by birth and adoption,   with the Muslim population   estimated to reach 2.4   billion by 2013. The study of consumer behavior is   very important when it comes to marketing of halal   products. The fact of the matter is that   Muslim consumers are very much similar   to any other consumer segments, demanding healthy   and quality products,   which must also conform   to Shariah   requirements. McDonald's in   Singapore can be   seen as a prime   example; it has   seen an influx   of 8.0 million   patrons a year after   obtaining   a Halal certification.   Since   being certified, "Halal, KFC,   Burger King and Taco Bell have all   seen an increase of 20% in customers " Halal logo  has now become a   symbol of quality and religious confo

Demand for beef in any country is a combination of many cultural, demographic and economic factors. The total supreme level of beef  consumption  is the combination of total population and per capita consumption. Per capita beef consumption demonstrates the underlying cultural preferences   for beef consumption and reflects relative preferences for meat and specifically for beef. The demand for meat and meat production continues to increase due to population growth, urbanization and rising per capita income. Poultry is one of the organized and important segments of agriculture sub segment of Pakistan. At present, poultry contributes 40% of the total  meat consumption  and is the cheapest meat available. Demand for bovine/ovine meat is present throughout the year but peaks hugely during the religious season. As they are more expensive, chicken meat is consumed as a substitute, which affects the demand for bovine/ovine meat to a great extent Naseem, (K. k., & Khan, A. Z. 2011). At t

Despite the efforts of the  Pakistan  Oil seed Development Board (PODB), the production of local oil seeds is showing a reliable decline. This declining trend is mainly attributed to low main concern given to oil seed crops. Also, gas shortages and load shedding puts wonderful strain on oils and fat production process. Wheat, rice, maize, sugar and cotton are the major  crops of Pakistan , which consistently occupy approximately more than 60% of all fertile land. This cropping pattern for the last three decades has led to increased import of edible oils for meeting domestic demands. The study of  culture  generally requires a detailed examination of the character of the total society, including such factors as language, knowledge, laws, religion, food, customs, music, art, technology, work patterns, product and other objects that give a society its unique flavor.  Much research on  cross-cultural consumerbehavior  has used the Hofstede dimensional model of national culture. Althou

Culture establishes the standards or norms leading which all market behavior respite. Cultural norms are defined as an understood way of acting or behaving recommended by the society as a whole. Customs sometimes change and are often unclear or ambiguous, but they exert a powerful influence that guides our daily lives. A norm can be any kind of social standard, which may correct or not, ethical or moral, except what the norms of a society declare to be just or correct ethical or moral. In some societies, a buyer is expected to good deal with the merchant over every purchase. But in United States and Australia most purchase are made without much bargaining. Although some prices are negotiated, or system is characterized as a one price economy because the retailer sets the price and the buyer can accept or reject it. Cultural norms serve to guide our actions as buyers, for example in searching for products the buyer is expected to acquire sufficient information to make a sound judgme

Business promotion  is to running a successful business as practicing scales is to playing the piano well; it may not be a thrilling activity in itself, but you just have to do it! You should spend at least an hour a day  on  businesspromotion  or planning how to promote your business (and more is better, if you can fit the time in). You promote your   business by getting the word  out. The first axiom of business promotion is that you have to do this consciously. You can't rely on other people to do it for you, no matter how great your product or service is. Business promotion is an integral part of any business's success, as it is through promotion that a business expands its customer/client base and opens new windows of opportunity. There are many ways to promote a business, and each varies in regards to time, labor and costs. Many business plans use a combination of methods, based on individual needs and circumstances. Here are suggestions for how to promote your busi